Change star, filter and settings icons to the their sprite based replacements

What does this MR do?

This MR covers some areas of the overall replacement of icons in GitLab, this MR tackles:

• The star and star-o icons
• Filter (couldn't find this icon being used anywhere)
• Settings

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Review
  • Has been reviewed by UX
  • Has been reviewed by Frontend
• Conform by the merge request performance guides
• Conform by the style guides
• Squashed related commits together
• Internationalization required/considered

What are the relevant issue numbers?

closes #33757 (moved)