Update webpack internals documentation

I've been asked a few times to create some documentation for webpack, what we use it for at GitLab, and a general overview of how it works.

Some specific topics:

  • how the webpack-rails gem works
  • how async chunks are created and loaded, and best practices for code-splitting
  • how we utilize CommonsChunkPlugin
  • how we build for production (broad overview)
  • how the webpack manifest works
  • how custom relative-url-root and GITLAB_CDN_HOST settings are honored
  • an overview of some of the plugins we use, what they do, and why we use them

Any other ideas?

/cc @stanhu @jschatz1 @timzallmann