Don't panic, go retry

Closes #2015 (closed)

Closes #2033 (closed)

This introduces some function and Goroutine wrappers to reduce the risk of panics. It covers the following use cases:

• Wrapping a single function
• Wrapping a single Goroutine
• Wrapping a single Goroutine with retry logic

It also has convenient hooks for how to handle panics in the retry logic. For example, you may want to log each panic that occurs, or you may want to wait momentarily before trying again.