Upgrade to Git 2.24

Git 2.24.0 has been released and it contains a bug fixes that unblock gitlab#27828 (closed), and means that we can more easily ship a custom version of Git with @chriscool's patch git#7 (closed)

• Update Gitaly test pipeline (!1653 (merged))
• Bump Git version for all docker images (gitlab-build-images!240 (merged), gitlab-build-images!241 (merged), gitlab-build-images!243 (merged), gitlab-build-images!254 (merged), gitlab-build-images!255 (merged))
• Update the GDK (gitlab-development-kit!934 (merged))
• Update GitLab recipes (gitlab-recipes!88 (merged))
• Update Omnibus (omnibus-gitlab!3768 (merged))
• Update K8s charts (LINK)
• Have GitLab-Rails use it (gitlab!21485 (merged))