Upgrade Git 2.27

Git 2.27.0 was released on June 1, containing particular improvements of interest:

• fix partial clone bug (git#61 (closed))
• bloom filters extension to the commit-graph to make it efficient to check for the paths that were modified at each commit

The following items need to be completed:

• Update the gitlab-build-images; (gitlab-build-images!298 (merged) and gitlab-build-images!299 (merged))
• Update Gitaly test pipeline and Makefile (!2237 (merged) and !2289 (merged))
• Update the GDK (gitlab-development-kit!1306 (merged))
• Update GitLab recipes (gitlab-recipes!95 (merged))
• Update Omnibus (omnibus-gitlab!4294 (merged))
• Update K8s charts in CNG and gitaly repos (gitlab-org/build/CNG!470 (merged))
• Have GitLab-Rails use it (gitlab!33589 (merged))