Pending Database Migrations on Installation

I'm trying to install the Container Registry in our GitLab instance. For that, I tried following the docs but I can't seem to get it running. I also installed PostgreSQL for the metadata database and set that up. However, in the logs I get the following:

2024-03-25_09:21:01.84156 level=fatal msg="configuring application: there are pending database migrations, use the 'registry database migrate' CLI command to check and apply them"

I did run the gitlab-ctl registry-database migrate up but it didn't seem to help. When I query the status of the migration, I get the correct timestamps of the migration though.

Here's my config for the registry:

external_url 'https://git.example.com'

# [...]

##################
# Regsitry Nginx #
##################
## see: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/packages/container_registry.html

registry_external_url 'https://git.example.de:5055'

registry_nginx['listen_https'] = true
registry_nginx['listen_port'] = '5055'
registry_nginx['ssl_certificate'] = '/path/to/my/wildcard/cert.crt'
registry_nginx['ssl_certificate_key'] = '/path/to/my/wildcard/cert.key'

gitlab_rails['registry_path'] = "/mnt/data/registry" # specifically mounted drive for registry data, owner is 'registry:git'

## see: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/packages/container_registry_metadata_database.html
registry['database'] = {
  'enabled' => true,
  'host' => 'localhost',
  'port' => 5432,
  'user' => 'registry',
  'password' => 'database-password',
  'dbname' => 'registry',
  'sslmode' => 'disable', # The database is not accessible from the outside so I didn't enable SSL
  'sslcert' => '',
  'sslkey' => '',
  'sslrootcert' => ''
}

What do I need to do to actually get the registry running?