Update EKS to latest version supported by AWS

Context

A user filed an issue about running into a problem running the pipeline in this example project. Searching the log message provided by the user leads to this discussion that suggests upgrading from EKS v1.21

The latest available EKS version on AWS is 1.24, so we will upgrade to this version.

This is also in line with GitLab's supported Kubernetes cluster versions.

Tests and Screenshots

This upgrade has been tested in production using a copy of this project.

Terraform-EKS project

Testing access to the EKS cluster