Consider caching gems to make the gitlab-rails-ce job faster and more resilient when Rubygems has problems
Rubygems seems to currently have problems, which leads to problems in our CI pipelines (e.g. https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/build/CNG-mirror/-/jobs/207740638). If we'd cache the `vendor/ruby` folder, [similarly to how we do for the CE/EE pipelines](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/f7bba29cb573e74b56aba7882048aac7de0d6868/.gitlab/ci/global.gitlab-ci.yml#L14) we would make the jobs faster and more resilient to Rubygems issues.
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