Update go test matrix to include v1.24

mentioned in merge request gitlab-org/cli!1913 (merged)

mentioned in merge request gitlab-org/terraform-provider-gitlab!2327 (closed)

mentioned in merge request gitlab-com/gl-infra/platform/runway/runwayctl!825 (merged)

mentioned in merge request gitlab-org/release-tools!3895 (merged)

mentioned in merge request gitlab-com/gl-infra/oncall-robot-assistant!78 (merged)

mentioned in merge request gitlab-com/gl-infra/autolabels!16 (merged)

mentioned in merge request gitlab-com/gl-infra/ringctl!230 (merged)

mentioned in merge request gitlab-com/content-sites/handbook-tools/hugolint!121 (merged)

mentioned in merge request gitlab-org/container-registry!2091 (merged)

mentioned in merge request ydkn/gitlab-runner-cleanup!33 (closed)

mentioned in merge request sue445/tanuki_reminder!226 (merged)

mentioned in merge request sue445/create-merge-request!108 (merged)

mentioned in merge request !2193 (merged)

mentioned in merge request !2265 (merged)