Refactor `ci` files to be jsonnet and use rules

What does this MR do?

Part of gitlab-com/gl-infra/delivery#2410 (closed)

This changes all the files in the ci directory to be jsonnet instead of raw yaml, while also converting them to use rules instead of except.

This should overall have the same result as before.

Author Check-list

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• Check if all of the following apply:
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  • Link to related MRs for applying the changes on other environments
  • Link to related Chef changes
  • If necessary link to a Criticality 4 Change Request issue

Reviewer Check-list

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  • Reviewed the diff jobs to confirm changes are as expected
  • No changes shown in the diffs not associated with this MR - This may require a rebase or further investigation

Applier Check-list

• Make sure there is no ongoing deployment for the affected envs before merging (see #announcements slack channel)