Jaeger: Enable tracing on gstg VMs

See &210 (closed).

We'll focus on getting traces from the rails code base (api, git, web, sidekiq) on VMs into Jaeger.

We'll need to consider CNG (k8s) separately.

We'll also need to look at gprd separately.

Builds upon https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/infrastructure/-/issues/11375.

Support OpenTracing:

• thanos-store: https://ops.gitlab.net/gitlab-cookbooks/chef-repo/-/merge_requests/4398/diffs
• api: https://ops.gitlab.net/gitlab-cookbooks/chef-repo/-/merge_requests/4407/diffs
• git: https://ops.gitlab.net/gitlab-cookbooks/chef-repo/-/merge_requests/4417
• web: https://ops.gitlab.net/gitlab-cookbooks/chef-repo/-/merge_requests/4417
• file (gitaly)
• sidekiq
• thanos-compact
• prometheus
• praefect
• pages
• web-pages

Doesn't support:

• camoproxy
• redis

TBD:

• fe-xx-lb (haproxy)
• patroni (patroni, postgresql)
• pgbouncer