Extend Internal Release to support GitLab components

Context

This is a follow up from https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/delivery/-/issues/21500.

Currently, Internal Release only supports high severity fixes in the main GitLab Rails repo (security/)gitlab-org/gitlab . An oversimplify description of the Internal Release build process is:

• A MR is merged into (security/)gitlab-org/gitlab (in a stable branch)
• release-tools updates the VERSION file in (security/)gitlab-org/gitlab (in a stable branch)
• CNG and Omnibus packages are built with the above change

Since CNG and Omnibus manage component versions via:

• Omnibus: *_VERSION files in the Omnibus repo (e.g. GITLAB_SHELL_VERSION)
• CNG: ci_files/variables.yml file in the CNG repo

Internal Release doesn't change these files, so no component update can be done with Internal Release.

This issue aims at supporting more components, ideally all components mentioned above.

Implementation

TBD. Please check the investigation in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/delivery/-/issues/21500#note_2727530451 for more details and decide a feasible solution.