_yaml.py: Added `allow_none` parameter to _yaml.node_get()

This allows specifying whether or not the code believes a None
value is acceptable if explicitly expressed to be None in the YAML.

A previous patch 3ba544b8 changed
the behavior to accept None for all values across the board, along
with allowing explicitly setting the `default_value` to `None` which
caused the code to be much more readable (this was the main motivation
of the patch, but it had the side effect of allowing None for everything).

In the majority of cases we load YAML however, it either has a value or
it is not specified in the YAML, and None is hardly ever acceptable
to be explicitly specified (it may be in the case you want to override
something with nothing in the YAML, but it is the edge case).

This had the side effect of causing unexpected crashes where the
YAML specifies an empty dictionary for instance.

Instead of forcing the caller to handle a possible None value, give
the choice to the caller if they really want to accept a None value,
and raise the LoadError otherwise.

This fixes issue #803, which is a crash due to receival of an
unexpected None value through _yaml.node_get()