Don't pull artifact build trees by default.

The addition of cached build trees being included in element
artifacts has led to mostly redundant download overheads when
pulling from a remote artifact server. As such the default behaviour
of pull shouldn't fetch the build tree object if available.

pullqueue.py: add extensible attributes to determine required/
excluded directories for element pull jobs. scheduler context
is used to determine pull_buildtrees context.

element.py: extend relevant pull logic for specified subdir
consideration and ensure push logic does not lead to partial
artifact pushes. Change assumption that the buildtree can be
extracted if artifact is cached.

_artifactcache/: artifactcache.py & cascache.py inclusion of
helper functions for subdir artifact checking & fetching, fetch
logic extended to only pull required artifact directories.
extract & checkout updated to handle full/partial operation.

tests/: addition of integration test pullbuildtrees.py,
buildtrees.py adapted cli options, testutils/artifactshare.py
has_artifact changed to return artifact digest on true condition.